Here are some examples of measurement points that will help you understand the system. Measurement points are defined by interval distances from at least three coordinates; in other words, not every distance from a coordinate is possible, but only those that follow a specific interval. The measurement point at the mouth of the Sekoana is located in Honfleur, on Rue Notre Dame. The intervals and distances from four coordinates are as follows:
| Sekoana Mündung 1 | greek 5,833 | 13,4885 | 78,6784205km |
| Sekoana Endpunkt 2 | greek 43 | 13,4885 | 580,0055km |
| Froidios-Muendung 1 (Ek) | greek 14,4583 | 13,4885 | 195,02077955km |
| Londinium | greek 19,8333 | 13,4885 | 267,52146705km |
Sekoana – Seine, Seille, Saône, Aare
The coordinate descriptions include six coordinates for the Sekoana River. Two of these are coordinates for the mouth of the Sekoana, one coordinate is given for the middle of the river, one for the source of the river, and two for the river’s endpoints. The coordinate for the river’s source was interpolated and thus correctly determined, as the measurement points confirm the coordinate data (see below).
It should be noted at the outset that the course of the Sekoana cannot be understood according to modern scientific principles, as the Sekoana does not flow from a source to a mouth. The Sekoana comprises several rivers that are physically separated from one another.
The easternmost section of the river, with its source in the Swiss canton of Bern, is the headwaters of the Aare River. The Aare flows into the Rhine, into which it empties. With the measurement points at the coordinates Argentouaria Kembs-Schäferhof and Fessenheim – Rhine Island, two stations can then be identified where the course shifted from the Rhine to the Doubs / Arar. The transition between the Rhine and the Doubs is further marked by the measurement point Lutran, about one kilometer south of the present-day Rhine-Rhône Canal, near the village of Valdieu. The Doubs River can be reached via the Bourbeuse and Allaine/Allan rivers. The second source, calculated using the Sekoana coordinates, is that of the Saône. From the Saône, the transition to the Seine, the Oze, the Ozerain, and the Brenne is to be located southwest of the city of Dijon. The Saint-Seine-L’Abbaye measurement point would have marked one of the transition points. The third source is the physical source of the Seine, about 40 kilometers west of the Saône near the city of Dijon. A fourth calculated measurement point marks the source of the Seille, near the town of Ladoye-sur-Seille.
The easternmost and westernmost measurement points of the river system are connected by the Sekoana endpoint 2 coordinate. It links, on the one hand, to the Grimselsee measurement point (source of the Aare) with Greek distance interval 15 and, on the other hand, to the measurement point at the mouth of the Seine (Honfleur measurement point, Rue Notre Dame) with Greek distance interval 43.
The Sekoana coordinates represent a layer that has been inserted into an existing coordinate system. The coordinates and measurement points of the Arar and Dubis rivers, which are only partially preserved, belong to an earlier layer. Both have sources marked by measurement points in the Swiss canton of Obwalden, in the Alps south of Lake Lucerne. They drain via the Reuss River until it finally flows into the Aare, thus representing a transportation and communication network similar to that of the Sekoana. The connection to the Atlantic is missing.
Two additional sources of the Arar and Dubis lie at a single river source, the source of today’s Doubs, and are calculated using a Gallic distance interval. The upper course of the Doubs can thus be identified as both the Dubis and the Arar, with the Arar chronologically representing the older form.
At this point, we must also address today’s Reuss River. The coordinate descriptions mention Alpeon Reousai, meaning “the streams from the Alps,” for this waterway. The earlier Greek name Re-ous is easily recognizable in the name of today’s Reuss.
Mainz – Mokongiakon
The Mainz Grosse Langgasse measurement point is calculated from the south; references to Gaul characterize the measurement point. Linked to this measurement point are the coordinates Sekoana Endpoint 1, the confluence of the Arar and Dubis rivers, and Augusta Triber 2. There are no links to the north, with the exception of one coordinate: notably, this is Mattiakon. A coupling exists with the coordinate Noiomagos, i.e., Speyer, which lies further south, also on the banks of the Rhine.
The name indicates a ford across the Rhine; when broken down into Mo-kon-gia-kon, -gia– is to be read as “ford,” related to the Greek -δια- and the German “durch” (see the entry for Diatauion). The ford was located at the site of today’s Zollhafen. About 400 meters to the south, a military presence of Caesar with troops from Bonna 1,2 and from Argentoraton is marked with a measurement point. This presence was certainly related to a Rhine crossing about one kilometer to the southeast, at the end of today’s Petersaue Island. It is likely that the location of a bridge is marked here with the measurement point Mainz Kastel in today’s Rhine. The coordinates of the measurement point indicate that workers and certainly also materials were brought in from upstream along the Rhine from Fessenheim and Breisach (coordinate Argentoouaria) and from the Speyer area (coordinate Noiomagos) for the construction.
Köln – Agrippineensei
Two different names are given for the same latitude and longitude. Cod. Vat. Gr. 177 lists the name “Conquered Observation Point of the Ikosians,” while Cod. Vat. Gr. 191 lists the name “Agrippineensei.”
The name “Agrippineensei” refers to the measurement point “Cologne Roman Harbor Road” and thus to Roman Cologne. This certainly refers to Iulia Agrippina, sister of the Roman Emperor Caligula and mother of Emperor Nero. CUNTZ reads “Agrippinensis,” but a breakdown into “Agrippine-ensei,” with “ενσείω” (to shake or fall), is also possible—a characteristic referring to the person Agrippine. The indication of a characteristic or peculiarity is also found in the coordinates for Drusus, the Flavians, and Caesar, and is accordingly to be expected here as well.
The designation “Conquered Observation Point of the Ikosians” refers to the measurement point Wolkenburg near Rhöndorf, which in turn is linked to the coordinate Ikosion.
The coordinate itself is older, and its earliest use can certainly be dated to before the lifetime of Iulia Agrippina. This follows from its linkage to the measurement point Hottendorf Laugebachquelle Greek Dist., which is to be understood as the site of the winter camp of the future Emperor Tiberius at the source of the River Lupia, between 4 and 6 CE. The naming after Agrippina overrode an older designation; this may have been a reference to the conquered observation point of the Ikosians. It is also possible that an earlier naming occurred in connection with Rome’s Germanic Wars following the defeat by Arminius in 9 CE.
The linking of the Cologne survey point with the Germiana 2 coordinate in North Africa is not unique. Between the Rhine and Roer/Rur rivers, numerous measurement points are linked to coordinates in North Africa. The second Cologne measurement point, St. Aposteln, also has connections to North Africa, with a link to Ikosion, today’s Algiers. The same applies to the Kerkrade measurement point, which is linked to Germiana 2, and especially to the Roermond, Roode Brug measurement point, which has three links to Ikosion, Kastra German 2, and Germiana 1 in North Africa.
Bataille de l’Axona (Berry-aux-Bac sur l’Aisne)
In his Commentaries on the Gallic War, Caesar describes the course of a battle on the River Axona. According to Jullian [1], the site of this battle can be identified as the River Aisne, near the town of Berry-au-Bac on the Aisne.
Near the town of Berry-au-Bac, there are four measurement points that reflect the composition of the forces involved in the battle. One measurement point represents Caesar’s legions and the auxiliary troops of the Treveri, north of the Aisne River, in what is now the town of Berry-au-Bac. Three measurement points, presumably for their camps, represent the Belgae, divided by tribe. Caesar reports (2.7.3–4) that they set up their camp less than two (Roman) miles from his camp, and the smoke from the campfires indicated that the Belgae’s camp was more than eight (Roman) miles wide.
Caesar’s first statement can be confirmed based on the survey points. The distance to the first camp of the Bellovaci and Aduatuci was 2.4 kilometers from Caesar’s camp, as determined by the measurement point. The next camps of the Menapii and Atrebatii were located behind the first camp, four kilometers from Caesar’s camp; the third camp of the Ambianii, Nervii, Suessionii, and Viromanduii was situated about 5.5 kilometers from Caesar’s camp, behind the first two Belgic camps.
The Bellovaci, who had claimed leadership in the war for themselves, camped closest to Caesar’s camp, together with the Aduatuci.